“As a proof of the truth of their religion theologians – the Christians ones to a greater extent than the Jewish – adduced the constant readiness of the faithful to sacrifice their lives rather than renounce their faith. The modern historian is not called upon to judge the merits of such claims: the fact that two rival religions are both able to lay claim to the same proof would appear to invalidate the argument. Nevertheless, in any account of the objective historical process such as it is the historian’s task to render, the phenomenon of martyrdom must occupy a unique place. Martyrdom marks the highest manifestation in history of any religion. It is a sign that the individual identifies himself with the tenets of his religion to such a degree of consciousness that their renunciation would make life no longer worth living for him.
This alone would justify us in placing martyrdom in the same sociological category as other corresponding phenomena. For not only religious movements, but other social groups also, achieve a degree of loyalty which endows their adherents with a readiness to make the supreme sacrifice.”

[Jacob Katz in „Exlusiveness and Tolerance: Studies in Jewish-Gentile Relations in Medieval and Modern Times“. London, 1961, S. 82]